IAEA+-+AUSTRALIA

Kate Shea Australia International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Arundel High School January 30, 2014

Topic 1: Acquisition of Nuclear Weapons by Terrorist Organizations

For the past fifty years all of us have been surrounded by " War on Terror" we understand now that even from a small group there work can cause tremendous harm to international powers. Terrorist organizations as we can see our hard to control and cannot be negotiated with. One the most significant times we've all experienced terrorism are the 9/11 attacks. America was threaten and the US declared they had the right to counteract terrorism with force. As time has moved on from 9/11 we've had tremendous turning points on the " War on Terror". Results as to the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, invasion of Iraq in 2003, 2003 capture of Saddam Hussein all during President Busch's power. Then President Obama's results like 2009 announcement of withdrawal from Iraq, 2010's announcement of termination of Iraqi freedom and war, and lastly the biggest of them all the capture and death of Osama bin Laden. The "War on Terror" basically aimed at the elimination of al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups. Post 2014 we had achieved most of the main goals. But as time has moved on terrorist groups haven't exactly stopped.

Since the death of the biggest terrorist leader Osama bin Laden, we've seen a sharp decline in terrorist groups. Most critically reason's that can explain this are the deaths of several Taliban leaders from July 2015- August 2017. As we see many terrorist groups disappearing, 2018 rolled around and we found ourselves staring at more terrorism. Small groups of terrorist have centered themselves in South Asia, Northeast Africa, Syria and Russia. Some of the groups to emerge are the newly named Svoboda which is said to be under control of a former Taliban leader. And also the new rise of the Syrian government under control of leader Abu Mohammed al-Jawlani which has had close ties with al-Queda. With new presidency in Syria emerged a known group called Al-Mazloum, and so reason to believe they might be working together. But with new laws on the 2013 of privacy infringement, communications between terrorist groups are hard to trace. With intelligence reports indication has been followed that several terrorist groups like Al-Mazloum and Svoboda have been trying to access nuclear weapons. Svoboda have had several failures on trying to raid Russian nuclear facilities. While Al-Mazloum has decided not to just stay in Syria but move around the Middle East, Iran, and Israel, which all hold significant nuclear power. Raids as well have been reported in India, with 2 or 12 raids successful, so now some terrorist groups have the essential items to creates a fissile bomb.

Australia is not a country that holds weapons of Mass Destruction, though we've have shown plenty of research in nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. Since 2012 not only has Australia but several other countries including Sweden, Ukraine, and Czech Republic removed majority or almost all of nuclear materials. Australia's out look on nuclear power only makes sense to remove it. Having substances in the country like highly enriched uranium give terrorist a reason to smuggle it. Why would terrorist look at countries with enriched uranium; to make their main weaponry like fission bombs. Fission bombs are equivalent to several thousand tons of TNT exploding. So a country without nuclear power, gives one less terrorist group a reason to steal usable material. Australia looks to cease world use of Nuclear power.

Due to the rapid new increase and showing of new terrorist groups attacking like raids of Russian nuclear facilities,and raids in India options need to approached on how to stop/watch these facilities. Country's with Nuclear power need to think of the following options; getting rid of nuclear power, safe guards needing to be placed in their country's facilities, and also us all being open to loosening restrictions on supervision systems, and worldwide communication. There is a very high importance at this time that special supervision is taken when dealing with countries known to have highly enriched uranium. A terrorist group with access to nuclear power leads to mass destruction. Australia's outlook faces to steer the world away from the use of nuclear weapons and other mass destruction. One step decreases the 'dangerous weak links' each country could be leading too.

Since 2001 country's world wide have seen terrorism destruct nations. With times here and there where terrorism are at low points it never stops. 2024 is the time where we need it to stop, it's been around too long to not too. Giving terrorist groups no resources like countries rich uranium gives them a stop to their maze game. Talking about this topic is necessary along with serious, options need to talked about and Australia has options that can be the answer.

Topic 2: The Situation in Burundi

Through out History we have read, seen or maybe even experienced how quickly a nation can fall. Somalia is a country that has dealt with that issue since the late 1800's of Britain, Italy and France, claiming all sort of different territories, to then the extent of an established government falling to war against clans. We've seen in Syria as well a government falling to the people and for ages a war rages on and on. Post all the up's and down's you think sooner or later a country can figure out the problem; some can and some not so much.

Somalia has been, and to an extent continues to be governed by clans or families. Each clan has occupied different regions of the country. In the late 1800's Britain, Italy and France each claimed a different territory and exerted their influence in this areas they dominated. This resulted in international competition over legal systems, politics, and social systems. When those powers finally agreed with a single governing system in 1960. Even with an established government, clan families continued their centuries-old conflicts and power vacuum's were created. With hope of establishing the country leader Major Siad Barre took power but instead further continued fighting. With this came more war and clan fighting and atrocities. The government fell to dictatorship with the century old clan fighting continuing. By 1980 Siad Barre had total control over the whole country. Civil war increased and soon Barre lost most of his country. A year later the government fell leaving the country leader-less and three competing clans at war. 1990's were a time were efforts from the UN security council tried to give humanitarian relief but failed, nations retreated leaving fighting to continue. In 2011 a degrees of stability began to emerge, economic possibilities occurred and Siad Barres son took power. He promised democratic reform, peace and prosperity to the country of Somalia. As he talked about all the things to come he also wanted to become larger in the international stage. He chose nuclear power to help him do so. Learning strategies from North Korea and Iran he leafed that declaring peaceful use of the energy would help create his master plan. While peaceful uses were started he secretly hid other nuclear development from the IAEA. He knew that if caught he could stall the IAEA from inspections. There was also little will in the international committee to cooperate to stop him. Each global power, the US, china, Britain had opposing solutions while they argued over what to do. Somalia continued to enrich in nuclear power.

As said Australia is not a country to hold weapons of mass destruction, since 2012 they have made all efforts to remove any nuclear power. Somalia though is a country that holds quite the extreme amount of Nuclear Power and with that are they really using it underneath peaceful terms. Australia would argue why even have the Power when it isn't a necessary item to your countries power. Somalia can be one less country without nuclear power, or the threats that it can be leading too.

Solutions needed to be taken to further discussion are the following: the IAEA needs to inspect all of Somalia's Nuclear development nothing can be hidden from the Somalian government and explanation to everything must occur. With that we have actual fact that Somalia's government isn't using their power for peaceful acts. With that the International Committee must come to an agreement that Somalia needs all nuclear power removed or supervision is necessary in all facilities. A country with an act or preposition to use nuclear power as a way to gain more power, leads to many down falls quickly. And any more terrorism is something that doesn't need expansion.

Country's everyday do things that they think will help them in the long run. Australia believes there is a more peaceful way like getting rid of Nuclear Weapons and power. One less country without this leads to one more step of creating the world wide steer away from Weapons of Mass destruction. A topic like this is something needed to be talked about and stopped immediately. Discussion of every countries Nuclear Power is necessary and a country proven to not be using it for good is a country to be stopped.